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  <title>The Inside Story of BlueLeaks, the Massive Trove of Police Documents</title>

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          <h1 class="post-headline  ">How &#x27;Keyser Söze&#x27; leaked a secret trove of police documents that exposed cops tracking George Floyd protesters</h1>
        
        
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                                <ul class="summary-list"><li>On June 19, the freedom-of-information advocacy group Distributed Denial of Secrets posted BlueLeaks, 269 gigabytes of hacked data from more than 200 American police departments.</li><li>Three weeks later, it was shut down after US law enforcement asked German authorities to seize the secure server that was hosting the data.</li><li>The documents helped expose how officers were surveilling protesters demonstrating against police brutality after George Floyd's killing and revealed the inner workings of police conduct and training.</li><li>Emma Best, the activist who said they received the data and whose group posted it online, told Business Insider their inside story of how they released BlueLeaks to the world.</li><li><a href="index099f.html" data-analytics-module="summary_bullets">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul><p>One warm night in mid-June, the freedom-of-information activist Emma Best said they and their spouse were on their bed not really watching TV when Best's computer dinged.</p><p>Best said they walked over to the computer to find a cryptic question from someone unfamiliar: Would Best possibly be interested in receiving a data dump from American police departments?</p><p>Best stared at the inquiry and the unfamiliar sender name in silence.</p><p>The nation was convulsed by civil unrest in response to <a href="../www.insider.com/category/george-floyd" data-analytics-module="body_link">George Floyd's killing</a> and the decades of racial issues with police before that. Protesters had filled the streets for two weeks, crying out for justice. Demonstrators were often met with a formidable blue wall of police, inscrutable behind riot helmets and sometimes unmarked uniforms.</p><p>Best responded by saying it depended on the exact contents, as the TV murmured and their spouse slowly slipped into sleep, they said. But generally, yes, Best was interested.</p><p>That began the biggest unauthorized opening of police data in history, <a href="category/blueleaks" data-analytics-module="body_link">BlueLeaks</a>, the posting online of 269 gigabytes of hacked data from more than 200 police agencies across the country. That much information could fill about 150,000 books, the size of a city library.</p><p>The data would tell the nation inside information about how police were approaching the protests that were inflaming the nation.</p>
                      <figure class="figure image-figure-image  " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image">
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                          <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1 1'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{&quot;https://i.insider.com/5eda68773f737073c73e0993&quot;:{&quot;contentType&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;aspectRatioW&quot;:2000,&quot;aspectRatioH&quot;:1517}}" alt="George Floyd police">
                          
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                              Demonstrators kneel in front of law enforcement during a protest on June 1 in downtown Washington, DC.
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                              <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source">
                                Drew Angerer/Getty Images
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                      </figure><p>The documents showed police were <a href="blueleaks-how-cops-tracked-george-floyd-protesters-on-social-media-2020-6" data-analytics-module="body_link">monitoring protesters' social media</a>, including private messages, while using aliases for their accounts. <a href="../theintercept.com/2020/07/16/face-masks-facial-recognition-dhs-blueleaks/index.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">Police were concerned</a> that masks protesters wore to prevent the spread of COVID-19 hid their identities from facial-recognition monitors.</p><p>Police were fixated on protecting officers from protests they saw as deeply threatening, the documents showed, including monitoring the home of <a href="../www.insider.com/derek-chauvin-minneapolis-police-background-life-2020-6" data-analytics-module="body_link">Derek Chauvin</a>, the ex-Minneapolis police officer who has been charged with second-degree murder in Floyd's killing.</p><p>Best said they knew none of that at that key moment. Best, who uses the pronouns they and them, is one part activist, one part archivist. They have filed 6,000 Freedom of Information Act records requests with the government and opened them all to public view.</p><p>But this was not FOIA information willingly provided by the government — this was probably hacked data, and there was tremendous risk that the Department of Justice could come after anyone involved.</p><p>Best thought it had to be done, believing that people needed the information, they said.</p><p>They told no one for 24 hours — including their spouse, Xan North, who also works on freedom-of-information projects.</p><p>"No one but me knew about the full scope until we had received all the files," Best told Business Insider.</p><p>Keeping the data dump quiet protected the source, whose data appears to have been hacked from Netsential, a Houston web-services company, according to <a href="../netsential.com/index9f90.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">a statement</a> by the company, <a href="blueleaks-hackers-publish-sensitive-files-from-200-police-departments-2020-6" data-analytics-module="body_link">news reports</a>, and a document reviewed by Business Insider.</p>
                      <figure class="figure image-figure-image  " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image">
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                          <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1 1'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-content-type="image/png" data-srcs="{&quot;https://i.insider.com/5f3bff07650894001d072217&quot;:{&quot;contentType&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;aspectRatioW&quot;:634,&quot;aspectRatioH&quot;:805}}" alt="Netsential doc about breach">
                          
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                              An email acquired via a Freedom of Information Act request shows the Houston internet-services firm Netsential alerting police organizations of a data breach.
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                              <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source">
                                FOIA request document
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                      </figure><p>The source's identity had to be protected, Best said — or they could be prosecuted and locked up by the very Justice Department they were exposing.</p><p>Best told Business Insider they didn't have a wild guess about the sender's identity. Best has come to call the invisible person Keyser Söze, nicknamed after the shadowy central figure of the 1995 film "<a href="../www.imdb.com/title/tt0114814/index.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">The Usual Suspects</a>," because "just like that, they were gone."</p><p>Yet "Keyser Söze" changed Best's life, dropping into their lap a library of confidential material and a dilemma: How could Best give the public this vast information that pulled back the curtain on the nation's police at a time when the American people demanded answers?</p><p>The Department of Justice has seemingly infinite tools to prevent the theft of its data. How does one serve as a public librarian of hacked information about the police?</p><h2>A secure server in Germany</h2><p>Best said they set up a server and, like a driver at a gas station with a very slow pump, watched the numbers spin seemingly forever as the ocean of information gradually flowed in. It took days.</p><p>During that time, Best explained the situation to their spouse and the rest of the team at Distributed Denial of Secrets (DDOS), the organization where Best works that receives and posts data in the public interest. The team needed to sift through all the data for corrupted files, duplicate files, classified information, and credit-card numbers, any data that exposed personal information of crime victims.</p><p>The data contained millions of emails, spreadsheets, and training materials — including one 68-page guide on the legal limits on use of force that counseled police on how to avoid mistakes Los Angeles officers made in filling out the report on Rodney King.</p><p>Best said they and their organization excluded up to 100 gigabytes of data because they "weren't just interested in releasing as much as possible or doxing as many people as possible." (Doxing, or 
                        
                        <span class="component rich-tooltip reference-autolinker no-help" data-component-type="reference-autolinker">
                          <a data-site="bi" data-keyword="doxxing" data-analytics-product-module="Auto-Linker" data-analytics-product-area="link" href="what-is-doxxing" data-analytics-module="body_link">doxxing</a>
                          <span style="font-size: 0px;"></span>
                        </span>, is a data term referring to revealing information to humiliate targets.)</p><p>DDOS did include information about <a href="../theintercept.com/2020/07/15/blueleaks-anonymous-ddos-law-enforcement-hack/index.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">up to 700,000 police officers</a>. They said they believed that information included names, positions, ranks, badge numbers, office addresses, and work phone numbers. <a href="../www.muckrock.com/foi/california-52/blueleaks-central-california-intelligence-center-96976/index.html#file-879847" data-analytics-module="body_link">Documents Best has obtained through FOIA searches</a> show that multiple police organizations said as much when informing employees of the data breach.</p>
                      <figure class="figure image-figure-image  " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image">
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                          <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1 1'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-content-type="image/jpeg" data-srcs="{&quot;https://i.insider.com/5eda675daee6a86161162b66&quot;:{&quot;contentType&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;aspectRatioW&quot;:1000,&quot;aspectRatioH&quot;:667}}" alt="George Floyd protests ">
                          
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                              Police advance on demonstrators protesting the killing of George Floyd on May 30 in Minneapolis.
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                              <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source">
                                Scott Olson/Getty Images
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                      </figure><p>Betsy Smith, a spokeswoman for the National Police Association and a retired police sergeant, said the leaking of information about the police "encourages the doxxing of law enforcement" and endangers family members.</p><p>"I believe, and a lot of law enforcement believes, that this is just the beginning," Smith told Business Insider. "You're going to see more and more exposure of family and friends, and qualified people won't want to go into law enforcement anymore."</p><p>Best defended the release of the personal information.</p><p>"Police are public servants who are involved in systematic violence against minorities and marginalized groups," they said. "Understanding who they are and what they say is vital to the public interest, and to accountability."</p><p>Best said they took the data from the first server and transferred it to their server in Zwickau, a German city of 100,000 near the border with the Czech Republic, which has the security and other features they needed to host such a large dataset. They posted the data in a searchable format that the public and reporters could use to find agencies and topics.</p><p>They were ready to give BlueLeaks to the world.</p><p>On Juneteenth, June 19, BlueLeaks was posted online. DDOS tweeted about the data, but Twitter, which would soon crack down on BlueLeaks posts, has since removed the tweet.</p><p>An Anonymous account <a href="../twitter.com/YourAnonCentral/status/1274094732067536896" data-analytics-module="body_link">quoted the tweet</a>. More than 600 retweets spread the news.</p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet blockquote" data-lang="en" data-cards="" data-conversation="">—Anonymous 🐈‍⬛  (@YourAnonCentral) <a href="../twitter.com/mims/statuses/12740947320675368960276">June 19, 2020</a></blockquote><script>window.scriptsToLoad = window.scriptsToLoad || []; window.scriptsToLoad.push("%3Cscript%20async%3D%22%22%20src%3D%22%2F%2Fplatform.twitter.com%2Fwidgets.js%22%20charset%3D%22utf-8%22%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E");</script><h2>Twitter, then Reddit, banned posts about the data</h2><p>Dozens of news agencies covered the data's posting. Some, notably <a href="../theintercept.com/collections/blueleaks/index.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">The Intercept</a>, used the data to report on how police were surveilling citizens' social media about Floyd protests. Business Insider used a BlueLeaks document to find data on <a href="guns-stolen-while-police-monitored-protesters-atf-2020-7" data-analytics-module="body_link">widely unreported gun-shop thefts</a> that happened while police were monitoring largely peaceful protests.</p><p>Reception of the documents varied widely.</p><p>Intercept Editor in Chief Betsy Reed said in a newsletter to subscribers that BlueLeaks "are like the <a href="../www.archives.gov/research/pentagon-papers" data-analytics-module="body_link">Pentagon Papers</a> for US law enforcement," adding in a statement to Business Insider: "As the Pentagon Papers laid bare in bureaucratic detail what Americans already knew about the catastrophic failure of the Vietnam War, the BlueLeaks archive provides concrete, detailed evidence of the skewed priorities and abusive practices of US law enforcement agencies."</p><p>Reed said the most important takeaway from BlueLeaks has been evidence that supports the view that law enforcement has "systematically treated peaceful protesters as terrorists."</p><p><a href="../krebsonsecurity.com/2020/06/blueleaks-exposes-files-from-hundreds-of-police-departments/index.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">Brian Krebs, a cybersecurity expert, quoted Stewart Baker</a>, a lawyer at the firm Steptoe &amp; Johnson LLP, as saying that BlueLeaks data was "unlikely to shed much light on police misconduct, but could expose sensitive law enforcement investigations and even endanger lives."</p><p>Less than a week later, <a href="blueleaks-twitter-bans-ddosecrets-account-published-secret-police-files-2020-6" data-analytics-module="body_link">Twitter banned posts about the data</a>, saying they violated the social-media platform's <a href="../help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/hacked-materials" data-analytics-module="body_link">distribution of hacked materials policy</a>. Reddit followed suit.</p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet blockquote" data-lang="en" data-cards="" data-conversation="">—Emma Best 🏳️‍🌈🏴 (Mx. Yzptlk)  (@NatSecGeek) <a href="../twitter.com/mims/statuses/12755800040684503050276">June 24, 2020</a></blockquote><script>window.scriptsToLoad = window.scriptsToLoad || []; window.scriptsToLoad.push("%3Cscript%20async%3D%22%22%20src%3D%22%2F%2Fplatform.twitter.com%2Fwidgets.js%22%20charset%3D%22utf-8%22%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E");</script><p>Best's spouse said blocking posts of BlueLeaks links on social media cut citizens off from an important view into police culture.</p><p>"The violence, the 'thin blue line,' the us versus them mentality, is spelled out in the documents, and which in many ways encourage and justify brutality," North told Business Insider.</p><h2>Best is preparing their family for their arrest if the DOJ decides to prosecute the case</h2><p>US law enforcement <a href="blueleaks-servers-seized-by-german-authorities-at-request-of-us-2020-7" data-analytics-module="body_link">asked German authorities to seize the server</a> hosting the data. Three weeks after DDOS opened the publicly searchable database of BlueLeaks, it was shut down.</p><p>The FBI has not contacted DDOS, Best said, and the bureau declined to comment for this article.</p><p>The editor in chief of Distributed Denial of Secrets corroborated Best's account of the events and said the server's seizure was unfortunate.</p><p>"A lot of things happened quickly," <a href="../muckrack.com/bbhorne" data-analytics-module="body_link">Lorax B. Horne</a>, who is also a freelance writer in Canada, told Business Insider. "Journalists were just getting used to using the database, and it was gone. That was a real loss, especially for small and independent news agencies that don't have the resources to manage large datasets." (The raw, unorganized data is available through the <a href="../ddosecrets.com/data/north_america/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-stringify-link="https://ddosecrets.com/data/north_america/" data-sk="tooltip_parent" data-analytics-module="body_link">DDOS website</a>.)</p><p>Files that Best has acquired through FOIA requests show that law enforcement is pursuing an investigation of the posting of the documents. Another document from the Department of Homeland Security refers to members of Best's organization as criminals and identifies them as the hackers of Netsential, the Houston company that hosted the documents.</p><p>A celebrity attorney has just signed on to lead Best's legal defense team. <a href="../www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/nyregion/stanley-cohen-lawyer-terrorists.html" data-analytics-module="body_link">Stanley Cohen</a>, known for representing people accused of terrorism and Occupy Wall Street activists — as well as for going to prison on tax charges — said the government's approach was unclear.</p><p>"With this Justice Department, who the hell knows?" Cohen told Business Insider. "If ever there was a potential case driven by the political winds of the moment, this is it."</p><p>Cohen said there was no case yet, just "the early stages of an investigation," and "hopefully there will be no need" for his services.</p>
                      <figure class="figure image-figure-image  " data-type="img" data-e2e-name="image-figure-image" data-media-container="image">
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                          <img class="lazy-image " src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1 1'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-content-type="image/png" data-srcs="{&quot;https://i.insider.com/5f3bfe42a3eafa001de06bf2&quot;:{&quot;contentType&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;aspectRatioW&quot;:578,&quot;aspectRatioH&quot;:861}}" alt="DHS BlueLeaks document">
                          
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                              A Department of Homeland Security memo, obtained via FOIA request, refers to the group that posted the data as criminals.
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                              <span class="image-source headline-regular" data-e2e-name="image-source">
                                Freedom of Information Act document from DHS
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                      </figure><p>Best and their spouse are discussing with their son, who has autism, how to stay calm if federal law enforcement storms their home with guns, telling him to lie on the floor and be still and try to tune out any shouting, that his parents will be OK if they are handcuffed and arrested.</p><p>"That part is stressful," Best said. "The stress on our family can be hard."</p><p>Best has never wavered in their belief that answering the mysterious inquiry in mid-June was the right thing to do.</p><p>"I'm absolutely glad I did it," they said. Shining a spotlight on police was valuable to the American people in that moment, Best said, and beyond.</p><p>"It's a historical archive showing decades of police activities across the United States," Best said. "BlueLeaks will be helping historians and researchers for many years to come."</p>
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